{"id":4758,"date":"2024-10-29T18:14:02","date_gmt":"2024-10-30T01:14:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abovecloud.xyz\/?p=4758"},"modified":"2024-10-29T18:14:18","modified_gmt":"2024-10-30T01:14:18","slug":"zombie-like-the-us-trade-agreement-that-still-haunts-democrats","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abovecloud.xyz\/?p=4758","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Zombie-like\u2019: the US trade agreement that still haunts Democrats"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The working class saw Clinton\u2019s support of Nafta, which cut most tariffs between US, Mexico and Canada, as \u2018a betrayal\u2019
More than 30 years have passed since President Bill Clinton persuaded Congress to ratify the North American Free Trade Agreement (Nafta) and yet the trade agreement still infuriates many voters and hangs over Kamala Harris\u2019s \u2013 and the Democrats\u2019 \u2013 chances in this year\u2019s elections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zombie-like, Nafta just keeps coming back, decades after many Democrats believe it should have died. At the Republican convention,\u00a0Donald Trump<\/a>\u00a0attacked Nafta, calling it \u201cthe worst trade agreement ever\u201d. In speech after speech, Nafta is a topic Trump turns to as he seeks to woo the voters in the pivotal blue-collar communities of Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin \u2013 many of whom remain angry about the job losses it caused.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There were early warning signs. \u201cA lot of people were saying\u00a0Nafta<\/a>\u00a0was going to be a disaster economically,\u201d said David Bonior, a former Democratic congressman from Michigan who led the congressional fight to defeat Clinton\u2019s push for Nafta. \u201cI could see it was going to be a disaster politically, too.\u201d

Nafta acted like a slow-motion poison for Democrats. After Congress ratified it in 1993, year by year more factories closed and more jobs disappeared as manufacturers moved operations to Mexico to take advantage of that country\u2019s lower wages. The Economic Policy Institute, a progressive thinktank, estimates that the US lost 682,000 jobs<\/a> due to Nafta, which largely eliminated tariffs between the US, Mexico and Canada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s a lingering issue in Michigan,\u201d said Ron Bieber, president of the Michigan AFL-CIO, the US\u2019s largest federation of unions. \u201cEveryone knows someone here in Michigan who lost their job due to Nafta. The door was cracked open to outsourcing before Nafta, but Nafta threw the door open after it was passed.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

JJ Jewell, who works at a Ford axle plant in Sterling Heights, Michigan, was born two years before Nafta was ratified. The trade pact has been part of the background of his life, he says. Jewell said he often discussed trade problems with other auto workers, even when they didn\u2019t directly discuss Nafta. \u201cIt\u2019s an issue,\u201d he said. \u201cNafta helped expedite the loss of jobs from our country to a country where wages are cheaper. I have friends, family members, neighbors who lost their jobs as a direct result of Nafta. It still affects things decades later.\u201d

While Trump talks tough on trade and protecting factory jobs, Jewell said that Trump, while president, fell badly short in his vows to bring back manufacturing jobs. \u201cIt\u2019s empty promises,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Liz Shuler, the president of the AFL-CIO, the country\u2019s main labor federation, agreed, saying that Trump\u2019s tough words on trade have done little for workers. \u201cThis is an example of Trump\u2019s rhetoric not matching reality,\u201d Shuler said. \u201cHe talks a good game, but there\u2019s no action to back it up. When he had the ability to make a difference, when he was president, he went to different places and pretended to be a savior, and you followed up and you saw that those plants closed and jobs were moved to Mexico<\/a>. He did nothing to fix it.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seeing all the lingering discontent about Nafta, many Democrats say it\u2019s unfair for Trump and others to blame their party for the agreement. The idea for Nafta arose under Ronald Reagan<\/a>, they say, and George HW Bush negotiated the deal, both Republicans. More Republicans in Congress voted to ratify Nafta than Democrats. The vast majority of Senate Republicans also voted for it, while most Democratic senators voted against ratification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Still, Bonior said that Clinton and his administration \u201cget the blame because their top guy was for it\u201d, he said. \u201cClinton was instrumental in making it happen.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many workers who lost jobs due to Nafta were able to find other jobs, said Bonior, but their pay was 20% less on average. \u201cLifestyles were enormously downgraded in my district,\u201d said Bonior, who served as House majority whip. \u201cClinton bought into Nafta, but a lot of working-class people saw that as a betrayal.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On Nafta, Clinton won strong backing from economists and corporate America. Brushing aside labor\u2019s warnings that Nafta would speed the loss of jobs to Mexico, nearly 300 economists on the right and the left, including several Nobel Prize winners, signed a pro-Nafta letter<\/a>, saying: \u201cThe assertions that Nafta will spur an exodus of US jobs to Mexico are without basis.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many economists argued that Nafta would increase the number of manufacturing jobs in the US because the nation had a higher-skilled, more productive workforce than Mexico and would thus, in theory, gain factory jobs in an expanded free-trade zone. Pro-Nafta forces also argued that the closer economic integration of the US, Mexico and Canada<\/a> would create a North American powerhouse to counter China\u2019s fast-growing economic power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeff Faux, a former president of the Economic Policy Institute, said many economists failed to realize something important that was happening when Nafta was negotiated: \u201cThe US was losing its manufacturing base. It was deindustrializing.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faux, one of the most outspoken economists against Nafta, said Clinton embraced Nafta because he was eager to present himself as a different type of Democrat and \u201cwas trying to ingratiate himself with the business community\u201d. \u201cClinton saw Nafta as an opportunity to present himself as not just another liberal Democrat,\u201d Faux said. \u201cIt was the beginning of the notion that came to dominate the Democratic party that its future is not in working people, that it\u2019s in professionals, in women, in minorities and various ethnic groups. They wanted to put together a new coalition, and labor would be a thing of the past.\u201d

Michael Podhorzer, a former AFL-CIO political director, said many blue-collar workers remain angry about Nafta because it was such a departure from President Franklin Roosevelt\u2019s emphatically pro-worker Democratic party. Podhorzer said: \u201cNafta is the catchall for a series of things that Democrats did that showed they had a greater concern for business interests and a kind of insensitivity to the consequences that accelerating deindustrialization would have on people\u2019s lives.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trump was shrewd to seize on Nafta, he said: \u201cIt\u2019s a way for him to sort of wave a flag, but it doesn\u2019t actually mean he\u2019s on the workers\u2019 side. It channels pretty effectively the frustration that many Americans feel in seeing their jobs go offshore or to Mexico or seeing their communities hollowed out or seeing fewer economics prospects for their kids.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the view of many labor leaders and workers, the Democrats doubled down on misguided trade policy when Clinton successfully pushed Congress in 2000 to approve normal trade relations with China. That move encouraged many US corporations to outsource operations to lower-wage China, with one study finding that the country\u00a0lost 2m jobs<\/a>, including 985,000 factory jobs, because of the normalized trade relations with China. The number of factories in the US also\u00a0declined by 45,000<\/a>\u00a0from 1997 to 2008, with many workers blaming Nafta and the China trade deal.

What\u2019s more, many unions faulted Barack Obama for pushing for another free trade agreement: the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), a pact with 12 Pacific Rim countries. TPP\u2019s supporters said the deal would increase US exports and build a powerful economic bloc to counter China. TPP was signed in 2016 under Obama\u2019s presidency, but soon after Trump became president, he withdrew the US from TPP, preventing it from taking force.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cObama wasn\u2019t great shakes on trade either,\u201d Bonior said. \u201cA lot of working people said they had enough. They decided we\u2019re not going to be with the Democrats any more, and Trump came along and filled the void. That was very smart for Trump to do.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a 2016 campaign appearance in Pittsburgh, Trump made a major speech on trade that denounced Nafta and cited several Economic Policy Institute studies that criticized the trade pact. Lawrence Mishel, who was the institute\u2019s president at the time, said: \u201cTrump never really explained what he would do about Nafta or trade. He ended his speech with a call for deregulation and tax cuts for the rich, which was far more pro-Chamber of Commerce than pro-worker.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Joe Biden voted to ratify Nafta when he was a senator, labor leaders say the president\u2019s current pro-worker stance on trade shows that he recognizes his Nafta vote was a mistake. For Bonior, it might be too little too late.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBiden has been very good on working-class issues. Biden is trying to make up for his vote on Nafta,\u201d Bonior said. \u201cBut a lot of working-class people are turned off so much to the Democrats that they\u2019re not hearing of the things Biden and Harris have done for them. They\u2019re not listening. They\u2019re gone. I don\u2019t know if we\u2019ll ever get them back.

\u201cThey\u2019re to some degree mesmerized by Trump even though Trump has never been for working people,\u201d Bonior continued. \u201cThose plants he said he would restore \u2013 he never did any of that.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many union leaders slam Trump for a speech he gave in Youngstown in which he told thousands of workers that he would bring back all the factory jobs that Ohio had lost. \u201cThey\u2019re all coming back<\/a>,\u201d he said. They didn\u2019t. And when General Motors closed its huge assembly plant in nearby Lordstown, Ohio, in 2019, Trump did little to stop the plant closing or bring back the lost jobs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHe said all those jobs would be coming back, and then he did nothing<\/a>,\u201d said Shawn Fain, president of the United Auto Workers (UAW). \u201cThe auto industry abandoned Lordstown, and Trump did nothing.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When Trump was running for president in 2016, he vowed to renegotiate Nafta, and he followed through, reaching a new United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) in 2018. Labor leaders had attacked Nafta not only for encouraging companies to move factory jobs to Mexico and but also for failing to effectively protect Mexican workers whose employers had violated their right to unionize or other rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Union leaders agree that USMCA created a stronger mechanism to crack down on labor violations by Mexican companies, although the Trump administration negotiated that improved enforcement mechanism only after the House speaker, Nancy Pelosi, and House Democrats demanded that Trump go further<\/a> in the negotiations. But under USMCA, often called \u201cNafta 2.0\u201d, US companies have continued moving manufacturing operations to Mexico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even though USMCA made only minor changes to Nafta, Trump called it, \u201cthe best trade deal<\/a> ever made\u201d. For her part, Harris was one of 10 senators to vote against<\/a> USMCA, saying it didn\u2019t improve Nafta<\/a> sufficiently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faux said many workers applaud Trump on trade because \u201che did something\u201d about it by renegotiating Nafta, while \u201cthe Democrats did nothing\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Labor leaders have differing views of USMCA. David McCall, president of the Pittsburgh-based United Steelworkers, said: \u201cI think Nafta 2.0 was helpful. It\u2019s gotten some better labor protections.\u201d

But the UAW\u2019s Fain was merciless in attacking USMCA. \u201cI like to call it Trump\u2019s Nafta<\/a>,\u201d Fain said. \u201cTrump\u2019s Nafta only made problems worse. Trump\u2019s Nafta only gave the billionaires more profits. Trump\u2019s Nafta only killed more American jobs. Trump\u2019s Nafta only shipped more work to Mexico.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Both Harris and Trump say they will renegotiate USMCA if elected. Trump also says he will protect factory jobs by imposing a 20% tariff on all imports, but the Steelworkers\u2019 McCall says that\u2019s a terrible idea. \u201cI don\u2019t think the solution to the problem is to have tariffs for the sake of having tariffs,\u201d McCall said. \u201cThat\u2019s protection. I think trade is a good thing. It\u2019s an economic stimulator.\u201d He said the US should use tariffs not in a blunderbuss way, but to \u201cpunish cheaters or countries that dump their various products\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

McCall said the Biden-Harris administration had had a far better strategy for protecting factory jobs. \u201cIt\u2019s the first time in generations that we\u2019ve had an industrial policy in this country,\u201d he said, praising three important laws passed under Biden: the infrastructure law, the green energy law and the Chips Act to encourage semiconductor production. McCall said those laws, along with Biden\u2019s targeted tariffs \u201cagainst countries that cheat\u201d, give the US \u201can opportunity to be the most productive producers of many products\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While many blue-collar workers like Trump\u2019s views on trade, McCall said: \u201cHe\u2019s not a friend of unions or labor. For Trump it\u2019s all about him, not about the person that\u2019s working on the job: the steelworker, the electrical worker, the teamster or the UAW member.\u201d

Reprinted from \u201cThe Guardian\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The working class saw Clinton\u2019s support of Nafta, which […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4759,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[1838,1557,617],"class_list":["post-4758","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sino-american","tag-agreement","tag-trade","tag-us"],"yoast_head":"\n\u2018Zombie-like\u2019: the US trade agreement that still haunts Democrats - abovecloud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/abovecloud.xyz\/?p=4758\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018Zombie-like\u2019: the US trade agreement that still haunts Democrats - abovecloud\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The working class saw Clinton\u2019s support of Nafta, which […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/abovecloud.xyz\/?p=4758\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"abovecloud\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-10-30T01:14:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-10-30T01:14:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/abovecloud.xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-21.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"930\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"556\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"TSOC\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/abovecloud.xyz\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/abovecloud.xyz\/\",\"name\":\"abovecloud\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/abovecloud.xyz\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/abovecloud.xyz\/?p=4758#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/abovecloud.xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-21.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/abovecloud.xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-21.png\",\"width\":930,\"height\":556},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/abovecloud.xyz\/?p=4758#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/abovecloud.xyz\/?p=4758\",\"name\":\"\u2018Zombie-like\u2019: the US trade agreement that still haunts Democrats - 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